Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 Grammar: 32. 命令の表現
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 Grammar: 32. 命令の表現 (meirei no hyougen)
Here is Japanese N4 grammar study material taken from the Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 textbook.
命令の表現 – Imperative sentences
1. How to change a verb to the imperative form:
Group I verbs: [う] => [え] Group II verbs: る => ろ
Group III verbs: する => しろ 来る(くる) => 来い(こい)
a. Meaning: a superior gives an order to a subordinate.
b. Examples:
(先輩=>後輩)「おい、早くしろ。遅れるぞ」
(A senior orders a junior) Hey, hurry up. It is late.
(父=>子供)「もう7時だ。起きろ」
(A father orders his child) It is already 7 o’clock, get up.
(緊急)「危ない!早く逃げろ」
(Emergency) Danger! Run!
(応援)「もう少しだ。かんばれ!」
(Encouragement) Just a little more. Keep going!
*** Note: an order can be quoted before 「と」
先生はいつも、私達に「わからないことばがあるときは、辞書をひきなさい」 ➜ 先生はいつも私達に, わからないことばがあるときは辞書をひけと言います。
The teacher told us to look up any words we did not understand in the dictionary.
2. ~なさい
a. Meaning: giving an order to a subordinate. The imperative in this case is softer than しろ, so it is used more by women.
b. Structure: ます-form verb drop ます+ なさい
父(怒って)「太郎、ちょっと来い」
Father (angry) Taro, come here!
母(怒って)「太郎、ちょっと来なさい」
Mother (angry) Taro, come here, I want a word!
母「もう11時よ。9時に帰ると言ったのに。遅くなるときは連絡しなさい」
Mother says: It is already 11. You said you would be back at 9… If you are going to be late, you must call!
3. ~ な
a. Meaning: prohibition (order, emphatic form)
b. Structure: dictionary-form verb + な
危ない!機械にさわるな。
Danger, do not touch the machinery!
遠慮するなよ。(車に)乗れよ。
Do not be shy, get in the car.
危ないからバイクには乗るな、と言ったのに・・
I told you not to ride a motorbike, it is dangerous, and yet…