Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 Grammar: 74. 使役 (Causative)

Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 Grammar: 74. 使役 (Causative)
Here is Japanese N4 grammar study material taken from the Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 textbook.

使役 (Causative)

1. Meaning 1:
– Someone gives an instruction and another person carries it out.
a. Usage:
– When the verb is intransitive

コーチは選手たちを走らせた。
Kōchi wa senshu-tachi o hashira seta.
The coach made the athletes run.

リンさんはチンさんを1 時間も待たせました。
Rin-san wa Chin-san o 1-jikan mo mata semashita.
Rin made Chin wait for an hour.

吉田先生はいつも学生を立たせて答えさせる。
Yoshida sensei wa itsumo gakusei o tata sete kotae saseru.
Mr Yoshida always makes his students stand up to answer.

– When the verb is transitive:

リンさんはチンさんに荷物を持たせました。
Rin-san wa Chin-san ni nimotsu o mota semashita.
Rin made Chin carry the luggage.

あの先生は毎日作文を書かせます。
Ano sensei wa mainichi sakubun o kaka semasu.
That teacher makes the students write an essay every day.

兄はいつも私に料理を作らせて、自分は何もしない。
Ani wa itsumo watashi ni ryōri o tsukura sete, jibun wa nani mo shinai.
My elder brother always makes me cook and does nothing himself.

*** Note:
– When 「を」 appears later in the sentence, the particle 「に」 is used for the person doing the action even with an intransitive verb.
コーチは選手たちにグラウンドを走らせた。
Kōchi wa senshu-tachi ni guraundo o hashira seta.
The coach made the athletes run around the ground.

2. Meaning: Someone’s action causes a feeling in someone else.

オウさんはいつもおもしろいことを言って、他の人を笑わせている。
Ō-san wa itsumo omoshiroi koto o itte, hokanohito o warawa sete iru.
Mr Ou always tells funny stories that make people laugh.

姉は去年病気をして、両親を心配させました。
Ane wa kyonen byōki o shite, ryōshin o shinpai sa semashita.
Last year my sister fell ill, which worried my parents.

山田さんは難しい試験に合格して、みんなをおどろかせた。
Yamada-san wa muzukashī shiken ni gōkaku shite, min’na o odoroka seta.
Mr Yamada passing a difficult exam amazed everyone.