Learn N3 Grammar – Week 5 Day 2

Learn N3 Grammar – Week 5 Day 2
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT

I. Pattern ~あげる (~ageru)
* Meaning: used to talk about something that has just been completed.
* Usage: put the verb into the ます form, drop ます and add 上げる (ageru) for a transitive verb, or 上がる (agaru) for an intransitive verb.
The examples below should make it easier to picture

Examples
1. やっとレポートを書き上げた。
Yatto repooto (report) wo kaki ageta.
I have finally finished the report.

2. ケーキが焼きあがりましたよ。
Keeki ga yaki agarimashita yo.
The cake is baked.

3. ご飯が炊き上がったよ。
Gohan ga taki agatta yo.
The rice is cooked.

II. Pattern ~きれない (~kirenai)
* Meaning: completely, all of ~ / can or cannot ~ to the end
* Usage: put the verb into the ます form, drop ます and add ~きる/ ~きれる/ ~きれない.

Examples
1. 木村さんは疲れきった顔をして帰って来た。
Kimura-san wa tsukare kitta kao wo shite kaette kita.
Mr Kimura came home looking utterly exhausted.

2. そんなにたくさん食べきれますか。
Sonna ni takusan tabe kiremasu ka?
You are going to eat all of this?

3. 数えきれないほどたくさんの星が光っている。
Kazoe kirenai hodo takusan no hoshi ga hikatte iru.
Countless stars are shining (in the sky).

III. Pattern ~かけ (~kake)
* Meaning: a half-finished state, just started ~, not yet finished ~
* Usage: put the verb into the ます form, drop ます and add かけだ/ かけの/ かける.

Examples
1. この仕事はやりかけですから、そのままにしといてくだ さ い。
Kono shigoto wa yari kake desu kara, sono mama ni shitoite kudasai.
This work has only just been started, so leave it as it is.

2. テーブルの上に飲みかけのコーヒーが置いてある。
Teeburu (table) no ue ni nomi kake no kouhii ga oite aru.
There is a half-drunk cup of coffee on the table.

3. 何か言いかけてやめるのはよくない。
Nani ka ii kakete yameru no wa yokunai.
Starting to say something and then stopping is not good.

4. 私は子供のころ、病気で死にかけたことがあるそうだ。
Watashi wa kodomo no koro, byouki de shini kaketa koto ga aru souda.
I think I once nearly died of an illness when I was little.

IV. Pattern ~たて (~tate)
* Meaning: freshly / just done~… an expression meaning the action has just happened
* Usage: put the verb into the ます form, drop ます and add たてのN or たてだ。 This pattern is like V たばかり or V てすぐあと.

Examples
1. 焼きたてのパンは美味しいよ。
Yaki tate no pan wa oishii.
Freshly baked bread is delicious.

2. 炊きたてのご飯は美味しいね。
Taki tate no gohan wa oishii ne.
Freshly cooked rice is tasty, is it not.

3. あのスーパーは、とりたての新鮮な野菜を売っている。
Ano suupaa (super) wa tori tate no shinsen na yasai wo utte iru.
The supermarket over there sells very fresh vegetables. (just picked)