Learn N3 Grammar – Week 5 Day 3
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Learn N3 Grammar – Week 5 Day 3
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT
I. Pattern ~たらいいなあ/ ~といいなあ (~tara ii naa/ ~to ii naa)
* Meaning: expressing a request, a prayer, a wish
* Usage:
+) Way 1: put the verb, adjective or noun into the short form and add といい(のに)なあ
+) Way 2: put the verb, adjective or noun into the conditional form (たら, e ば) and add (いいのに)なあ.
Examples
1. もっと日本語が上手く話せたらいいなあ。(=話せるようになりたい)
Motto nihongo ga umaku hanasetara ii naa.
I wish I could speak Japanese better.
2. 明日、雨が降らないといいなあ。(=降らないで欲しい)
Ashita, ame ga furanai to ii naa.
I hope it does not rain tomorrow.
II. Pattern ~ばよかった (~ba yokatta)
* Meaning: if only~ (expressing regret, remorse, repentance)
* Usage: put the verb, adjective or noun into the conditional form (たら, e ば) and add よかった
Examples
1. 遅刻してしまった。もっと早く家を出ればよかった。(=早く家を出なかったことを後悔し ている)
Chikoku shite shimatta. Motto hayaku ie wo dereba yokatta…
I am late. I should have left home earlier…
2. 山下さんにあんな事を言わなければよかった。(=言って後悔している)
Yamashita-san ni anna koto wo iwanakereba yokatta…
If only I had not said things like that to Mr Yamashita…
III. Pattern ~ば~のに (~ba~noni)
* Meaning: expressing regret or disappointment.
* Usage: put the verb, adjective or noun into the conditional form (たら, e ば) and add のに.
Examples
1. 飲み会、楽しかったよ。君も行けばよかったのに。
Nomikai, tanoshikatta yo. Kimi mo ikeba yokatta noni.
The party was great fun. It would have been nice if you had come too.
2. 安かったら買うのに。
Yasukattara kau noni.
If it had been cheap I would have bought it (in fact I did not, because it was not cheap)
IV. Pattern ~かなあ (~kanaa)
* Meaning: used when wondering to yourself about your wishes and feelings.
* Usage: V る/V ない combined with かな(あ).
Examples:
1. バス、早く来ないかなあ。
Basu, hayaku konai kanaa.
I wish the bus would hurry up (wanting the bus to come soon.)
2. この実験、上手くいくかな。
Kono jikken, umaku iku kana.
I wonder whether this test will go smoothly.
3. 今日、富士山が見えるかなあ。
Kyou, Fujisan ga mieru kanaa.
I wonder whether we will be able to see Mount Fuji today.