Learn N3 Grammar – Week 5 Day 1

Learn N3 Grammar – Week 5 Day 1
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT

I. Pattern ~ばかりか (~bakari ka)
* Meaning: not only ~, but also…
* Usage: put the verb, adjective or noun into the plain form and add ばかりか. N does not take の.

Examples
1. 林さんのお宅でごちそうになったば か りか、おみやげまでいただいた。
Hayashi-san no otaku de gochisou ni natta bakari ka, omiyage made itadaita.
At Mr Hayashi’s house, not only did we eat well, we even got presents to take home.

2. アンナさんは頭がいいばかりでなく, 親切で心の優しい人です。
Anna-san wa atama ga ii bakari de naku, shinsetsu de kokoro no yasashii hito desu.
Ana is not only clever but also considerate and gentle.

3. この地方は気候が穏やかなばかりでなく、海の幸、山 の 幸にも恵ぐまれている。
Kono chihou wa kikou ga odayaka na bakari de naku umino sachi, yama no sachi ni momegumarete iru.
This area not only has a mild climate but is blessed with seafood and mountain vegetables too.

4. 彼はサッカーばかりでなく、水泳も ダ ンスも上手なんですよ。
Kare wa sakkaa bakari de naku, suiei mo dansu mo jouzu nan desu yo.
He is good not only at football but at swimming and dancing too.

II. Pattern ~はもちろん/ ~はもとより (~wa mochiron/ ~wa moto yori)
* Meaning: ~ goes without saying.
* Usage: a noun or nominalised clause combined with はもとより/ はもちろん.
The following clause often adds も for emphasis.

Examples
1. 私が生まれた村は、電車はもとより, バスも通っていない。
Watashi ga umareta mura wa densha wa moto yori, basu mo kayotte inai.
In the village where I was born, there were no trains, of course, and no buses either.

2. 病気の治療はもちろん、予防のため の 医学も重要だ。
Byouki no chiryou wa mochiron, yobou no tame no isha mo juuyou da.
Treating illness is of course necessary, but preventive medicine matters too.

3. キャベツは炒めて食べるのはもちろ ん 、生で食べても美味しい。
Kyabetsu(cabbage) wa itamete taberu no wa mochiron, nama de tabete mo oishii.
Cabbage is of course good stir-fried, but it is also delicious raw.

* Note: ［～はもとより］ is more formal than ［～はもちろん］.

III. Pattern ~に比べて (~ni kurabe te)
* Meaning: compared with…; talking about a difference in degree from ~ taken as the standard.
* Usage: noun / nominalised clause +に比べて.

Examples:
1. 兄に比べて、弟はよく勉強する。
Ani ni kurabete otouto wa yoku benkyou suru.
Compared with his elder brother, the younger one studies harder.

2. 諸外国に比べて、日本は食料品が高 い と言われている。
Shougaikoku ni kurabete nihon wa shokuryouhin ga takai to iwarete iru.
Food prices in Japan are said to be high compared with other countries.

3. 今年は去年に比べ、雨の量が多い。
Kotoshi wa kyonen ni kurabe, ame no ryou ga ooi.
This year there has been more rain than last year.

IV. Pattern ~に対して (~ni taishite)
* Meaning: regarding, towards~; indicating a target or other party
* Usage: noun / nominalised clause + に対して.

Common forms ~に対し/ ~に対して/ ~に対しては/ ~に対しても/ ~に対するN.

Examples:
1. お客様に対して失礼なことを言ってはいけません。
O-kyaku-sama ni taishite shitsurei na koto wo itte wa ikemasen.
Saying anything rude to customers is forbidden.

2. いいことをした人に対し、表彰状が贈られる。
Ii koto wo shita hito ni taishi, hyoushoujou ga okurareru.
People who do good deeds will be given a certificate of merit.

3. 陳さんは日本の経済だけではなく日本の文化に対しても、興味を持っている。
Chin-san wa Nihon no keizai dake dewa naku Nihon no bunka ni taishite mo kyoumi wo motte iru.
Mr Tran is interested not only in the Japanese economy but in Japanese culture too.

4. 被害者に対する補償問題を検討する。
Higaisha ni taisuru hoshou mondai wo kentou suru.
We are looking into the question of compensation for the victims.