Learn N3 Grammar – Week 3 Day 5

Learn N3 Grammar – Week 3 Day 5
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT

I. Pattern ~とおり (~toori)
* Meaning: doing as ~, just as ~
* Usage: V-る/ V-た /N-の ＋とおり
* Note: when N is used without "の", it is read and written "どおり"

Examples
1. 説明書に書いてあるとおりにやってみてください。
Setsumeisho ni kaite aru toori ni yatte mite kudasai.
Try doing it as written in the instructions.

2. あの人の言ったとおりにすれば、大丈夫です。
Ano hito no itta toori ni sureba daijoubu desu.
If you do as that man says, you will be fine.

3. 彼は A 大学に合格した。私の思ったとおりだった。
Kare wa A daigaku ni goukaku shita. Watashi no omotta toori datta.
He got into University A. Just as I thought.

4. 矢印 のとおりに進んでください。
Yajirushi no toori ni susunde kudasai.
Go in the direction the arrow points.

5. その企画は計画どおりには進まなかった。
Sono kikaku wa keikaku doori ni wa susumanakatta.
That plan did not go as intended.

II. Pattern ~まま (~mama)
* Meaning: doing an action while a previous state stays unchanged.
* Usage: V-た/ V-ない/ A-な/ N-の

Examples
1. 昨夜は、テレビをつけたまま寝て し まった。(=ついている状態で)
Sakuya wa terebi wo tsuketa mama nete shimatta. (=tsuite iru joutai de)
Last night I fell asleep with the TV left on.

2. この野菜は、生のままで食べても美 味 しいですよ。(=生の状態で)
Kono yasai wa nama no mama de tabete mo oishii desu yo. (=nama no joutai de)
This vegetable is delicious even eaten raw.

III. Pattern ~っぱなし (~ppanashi)
* Meaning: leaving something in a certain state. With an intransitive verb, nothing changes afterwards. With a transitive verb, nothing is done afterwards. It often carries the speaker’s dissatisfaction or criticism.
* Usage: take the ます form of the verb, drop ます and add っぱなし.

Examples
1. 窓を開けっぱなしで出てきた。(=窓を 開けたままで)
Mado wo akeppanash de dete kita.
I went out and left the window wide open.

2. 水を出しっぱなしにしないで下さい.( =出したままの状態に)
Mizu wo dashippanashi ni shinai de kudasai.
Do not leave the tap running like that.

IV. Pattern ~きり (~kiri)
* Meaning: only ~
* Usage: V-る/ V-た /N + きり. With nouns of small numbers, っきり (kkiri) can also be used.

Examples
1. 彼女は、何を聞いても笑っているきりで、答えない。
Kanojo wa nani wo kiite mo waratte iru kiri de, kotaenai.
Whatever she hears she just laughs and does not say a word.

2. 今朝コーヒーを飲んだきりで、何も食べていない。
Kesa kouhii wo nonda kiri de, nani mo tabete inai.
This morning I only had coffee and nothing to eat.

3. 子供たちが独立してから、夫婦二人きりの生活です。
Kodomotachi ga dokuritsu shite kara, fuufu futari kiri no seikatsu desu.
Once the children moved out, it was just the two of us living together.