Learn N3 Grammar – Week 2 Day 1
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Learn N3 Grammar – Week 2 Day 1
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT
I. Structure ~ばかり (~bakari)
Used to express a very large amount or number of times. It means only….
We can see the following forms:
N / V て ばかり (N/V-te bakari)
N / V て ばかりだ (N/V-te bakari da)
N / V て ばかりのN1 (N/V-te bakari no N1)
N / V て ばかりで ((N/V-te bakari de))
V てばかりいる(V-te bakari iru)
Examples:
1. この店のお客さんは、女性ばかりですね。(=女性だけ)
Kono mise no okya-san wa josei bakari desu ne. (=josei dake)
This shop’s customers are all women, are they not.
2. 弟は、テレビを見てばかりいる。(=いつもテレビだけ見ている)
Otouto wa terebi wo mite bakari iru. (=Itsumo terebi dake mite iru)
My younger brother spends all his time watching TV.
3. 息子は仕事もしないで遊んでばかりいる。(=いつも遊んでいる)
Musuko wa shigoto mo shinai de asonde bakari iru.
My son does not work; he only plays.
II. Structure N だけしか ~ない (N dake shika ~ nai)
Used to stress that there is only a little, or nothing else. It means only…, there is only…
Examples
1. このコンサートは、会員だけしか入れません。(=会員だけ入れる)
Kono konsaato wa kaiin dake shika hairemasen (=Kaiin dake haireru)
Only members can get into this concert.
2. 今日はお客様が一人だけしか来ませんでした。(=一人だけ来た)
Kyou wa okyaku-sama ga hitori shika kimasendeshita.
Only one customer came today .
III. Structure ~さえ/~でさえ (~sae / ~desae)
Used to express: even…
In this case the particles 「が (ga)」 and 「を (wo)」 are dropped.
Examples:
1. ひらがなさえ書けないんですから、漢字なんて書 け ません。 (=ひらがなも)
Hiragana sae kakenain desu kara, kanji nante kakemasen. (=hiragana mo)
Since I cannot even write hiragana, there is no way I can write things like kanji.
2. そんなこと、子供でさえ知っている。(=子供でも)
Sonna koto, kodomo desae shitte iru. (=Kodomo demo)
Even a child knows that.
IV. Structure ~こそ/~からこそ (~koso / ~kara koso)
Usually used for emphasis. It means it is precisely…, it is really…
Commonly seen:
<N>+ こそ (N + koso)
<V, A い, A な, N> の普通形 + からこそ (plain form of V, A-i, A-na, N + kara koso)
Examples:
1. 明日こそ勉強するぞ!(=明日はきっと)
Ashita koro benkyou suru zo. (=Ashita wa kitto)
Tomorrow I will definitely study.
2. 愛情があるからこそ、叱るんです。(=本当にあるから)
Aijou ga aru kara koso, shikarun desu (=hontou ni aru kara)
It is precisely because I care that I scold you (like the saying “spare the rod, spoil the child”)