Telling までに / まで / 前に Apart in Japanese
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Telling までに / まで / 前に apart in Japanese
We hope this is useful to you as a learner of Japanese.
🍄 Telling までに/ まで/ 前に apart 🍄
🍑 X まで: up to the point X; beyond X it is meaningless and out of scope. It marks the SPAN OF TIME up to X, and if a verb follows it will be a verb of continuing state such as: to wait, to be somewhere, to live, to work…
🍀 明日は5時まで働く(Tomorrow I work until 5)
🍀 3時までそこにいる (I'll be there until 3 o'clock)
🍀 このセールは月曜日までです The sale runs until Monday (after Monday it is over)
🍀 何時まで営業していますか? What time are you open until?
🍀 3時まで待つ (Wait until 3 o'clock)
🍑 X までに: by X, usually marking a DEADLINE for doing something, and this deadline DOES include X. Whether it includes X is a thorny question: Japanese people understand it differently, some taking it as included, others not. In everyday usage, though, the answer is YES, X is the deadline. So when you write an email or deal with a client and use までに, do confirm it.
❤️ これを金曜日までに終わらせないといけないんよ -> Friday is fine too
❤️ 20日までに提出して下さい -> Handing it in on the 20th is fine too
🍑 X 前に:
🌸 If X is a verb or a noun: it expresses the order of two actions, or being before some point
☀️ 寝る前に本を読む I read a book before going to sleep
☀️ 会議の前に、資料を準備する Prepare the material before the meeting
🌸 If X is a quantity of time: it marks a point in the past, and the second half takes a past verb
🍓 10年まえに、大学を卒業した (I graduated from university 10 years ago)
🍓ミンさんは1時間前に、出かけた (Minh went out an hour ago)
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Thanks to the Tiếng nhật online MoMo fanpage for sharing.
Good luck with your studies and your exam.