Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 Grammar: 44. のだ

Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 Grammar: 44. のだ (noda)
Here is Japanese N4 grammar study material taken from the Mimi Kara Oboeru N4 textbook.

のだ

1. Structure:
Noun + な / [verb / い-adjective / な-adjective] in the noun-modifying form + のだ

2. Meaning: This pattern is used to explain a situation or state (reasons, explanations, analysis…); with a question word it shows the speaker wants an explanation…

「昨日、どうして休んだのですか」「頭がいたかったのです」
`Kinō, dōshite yasunda nodesu ka’`atama ga itakatta nodesu’
Why were you absent from school yesterday? – Because I had a headache.

「だれがこのコップを割ったのですか」「すみません、私です」
`Dare ga kono koppu o watta nodesu ka’`sumimasen, watashidesu’
Who broke this glass? – Sorry, it was me.

「食べないんですか」「ええ、おなかがいっぱいなんです」
`Tabenai ndesu ka’`ē , onaka ga ippaina ndesu’
Are you not eating? – No, I am full.

「あなたはまだ学生なのだから、アルバイトより勉強のほうがだいじですよ」
`Anata wa mada gakuseina nodakara, arubaito yori benkyō no hō ga daijidesu yo’
You are still a student, so studying is more important than part-time work.

田中さんは最近顔色がよくない。きっと、疲れているのだろう。
Tanaka-san wa saikin kaoiro ga yokunai. Kitto, tsukarete iru nodarou.
Mr Tanaka has not looked well lately. He must be tired.

3. Notes:
– When there is a question word, leaving out の often makes the sentence sound unnatural.
– In conversation, の is often pronounced ん.