Learn N3 Grammar – Week 4 Day 2

Learn N3 Grammar – Week 4 Day 2
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT

I. Pattern ~おかげで (~okage de)
* Meaning: thanks to, because of… (expressing gratitude that a cause led to a good result)
* Usage: put the verb, adjective or noun into the plain form and add おかげで. Note A-na
keeps "na", and nouns add の.

Examples
1. 科学技術が発達したおかげで、我々 の 生活は便利になった。
Kagaku gijutsu ga hattatsu shita okage de, wareware no seikatsu wa benri ni natta.
Thanks to advances in science and technology, our lives have become more convenient.

2. 家が海に近いおかげで、新鮮な魚が 食 べられる。
Ie ga umi ni chikai okage de, shinsen na sakana ga taberaru.
Thanks to my house being near the sea, I can always eat fresh fish.

3. 山本さんは中国語が上手なおかげで, いい仕事が見つかったそうです。
Yamamoto-san wa chuugokugo ga jouzu na okage de ii shigoto ga mitsukatta sou desu.
I hear Mr Yamamoto found a good job thanks to being good at Chinese.

4. 仕事が早く済んだのは、山田さんの お かげです。
Shigoto ga hayaku sunda no wa Yamada-san no okage desu.
The work got done quickly thanks to Mr Yamada.

II. Pattern ~せいで/ ~せいか (~sei de/ sei ka)
* Meaning: because of ~. (that cause led to a bad result)
* Usage: put the verb, adjective or noun into the plain form and add せいで/ ~せいか.
Note A-na keeps "na", and nouns add の.
* Note: せいか usually expresses the speaker’s feeling, "perhaps because of~"

Examples
1. 私が失敗したのは、彼のせいだ。
Watashi ga shippao shita no wa kare no sei da.
I failed because of that guy.

2. 電車が遅れたせいで、遅刻した。
Densha ga okureta sei de, chikoku shita.
I was late because the train was delayed.

3. 甘いものが好きなせいで、食べ過ぎ て 太ってしまった。
Amai mono ga sukina sei de, tabesugite futotte shimatta.
Because I love sweet things, I ate too much and got fat.

4. 暑いせいか、食欲がない.
Atsui seika, shokuyoku ga nai.
Perhaps because of the heat, I have no appetite.

5. 気のせいか、彼は今日は何となく元 気 がなく感じられた。
Ki no sei ka, kare wa kyou wa nantonaku genki ga naku kanjirare ta.
I have a feeling he is not very well today somehow.

6. 写真がうまく撮れなかったのをカメ ラ のせいにしている。
Shashin ga umaku torenakatta no wo kameta no sei ni shite iru.
The photos did not come out well because of the camera.

III. Pattern ~にかわって (~ni kawatte )
* Usage: N にかわって/ にかわり
* A・Meaning: in place of~. Expresses a change to using one thing instead of what was used until now.

Examples:
1. ここでは、人間にかわってロボット が 作業をしている。
Koko de wa, ningen ni kawatte robotto ga sagyou wo shite iru.
Here robots work in place of people.

2. 今はタイプライターにかわり、ワー プ ロが使われている。
Ima wa taipuraitaa (typewriter) ni kawari, wapuro (word processor) ga tsukawarete iru.
Now typewriters have been replaced by word processors

* B・Meaning: on behalf of, instead of~. Expresses one person doing something in place of another

1. 父に代わって、私が結婚式に出席し ま した。
Chichi ni kawatte, watashi ga kekkonshiki ni shusseki shimashita.
I went to the wedding on behalf of my father.

2. 出張中の部長にかわって私がご挨拶 さ せていただきます。
Shucchouchuu no buchou ni kawatte watashi ga go-aisatsu sasete itadakimasu.
I was allowed to give the greeting on behalf of the section chief, who is away on business.

IV. Pattern ~かわりに (~kawari ni)
* A – Meaning: instead of ~ (not doing ~ but doing something else.)
* Usage: V-ru＋かわりに

Examples
1. 私立大学を一つ受けるかわりに、国 立 大学を三つ受けたい。
Shiritsu daigaku wo hitotsu ukeru kawari ni, kokuritsu daigaku wo mittsu uketai.
Instead of applying to a private school, I want to apply to three national universities.

2. 音楽会に行くかわりに、CD を３枚買うほうがいいと思う。
Ongakukai ni iku kawari ni, CD wo sanmai kau hou ga ii to omou.
Instead of going to a concert, I think buying three CDs might be better.

* B – Meaning: acting for, in place of ~
* Usage: N の＋かわりに

Examples
1. 病気の父のかわりに、私が参りまし た 。
Byouki no chichi no kawari ni, watashi ga mairimashita.
I went in place of my father, who is ill.

2. 包帯のかわりに、ハンカチで傷口を 縛 った。
Houtai no kawari ni, hankachi (handkerchief) de kizuguchi wo shibatta.
Instead of a bandage, I used a handkerchief to bind the wound.

* C – Meaning: with only a corresponding part to ~
* Usage: put the verb, adjective or noun into the plain form and add かわりに

Examples
1. 私が料理するかわりに、あなたは掃 除 してください。
Watashi ga ryouri suru kawari ni, anata wa souji shite kudasai.
This room is small, but in return the rent is cheap.

2. 私のマンションは静かなかわりに、 駅 から遠くて不便だ。
Watashi no manshon wa shizukana kawari ni, eki kara tookute fuben da.
My neighbourhood is quite quiet, but on the other hand it is far from the station, which is inconvenient.