Learn N3 Grammar – Week 3 Day 3

Learn N3 Grammar – Week 3 Day 3
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT

I. Pattern ～つもり (~tsumori)
* Meaning: intending to do, or not to do, something.
* Usage: V る/ V ない つもり
* Note: compared with V volitional form とおもっています, つもり is more decisive and is used for a clear intention, a firm decision or a major plan in life.

Examples
1. 昨日は買い物に行くつもりでしたが、頭が痛かったのでずっと家にい ま した。
Kino wa kaimono ni iku tsumori deshita ga, atama ga itakatta node zutto ie ni imashita.
Yesterday I had planned to go shopping, but I had a headache so I stayed at home all day.

2. 来年 結婚する つもりです。
Rainen kekkon suru tsumori desu.
I am planning to get married next year.

3. 明日からは たばこを 吸わない つもりです。
Ashita kara wa tabako wo suwanai tsumori desu.
I intend to stop smoking from tomorrow.

II. Pattern ~はずだ/~はずがない (~hazu da/ ~hazu ga nai)
* Meaning: should certainly~, cannot possibly~
* Usage: V, A-i, A-na, N plain form＋はずだ/ はずがない
Note that A-na keeps "na", and N adds "no"

Examples
1. 田中さんは今旅行中だから、家にいないはずだ。
Tanaka-san wa ima ryokouchuu da kara ie ni inai hazu da.
Mr Tanaka is away travelling, so he cannot be at home.

2. まじめな山田さんが、無断で休むはずがない。
Majime na Yamada-san ga mudan de yasumu hazu ga nai.
A hard worker like Yamada cannot possibly have taken the day off without permission.

3. 間違いはずがないよ。
Machigai hazu ga nai yo.
There cannot possibly be a mistake.

III. Pattern ~べき/~べきだ/ ~べきではない (~beki/ ~beki da/ ~beki dewa nai)
* Meaning: doing so is only right, one should do ~
* Usage: verb dictionary form + べき. A-na becomes A-na である, and A-i becomes A くある.
するべき is sometimes also used as すべき.

Examples
1. 言うべきことは遠慮しないではっきり言ったほう が いい。
Iu beki koto wa enryo shi naide hakkiri itta hou ga ii.
What needs to be said should be said clearly, without hesitation.

2. どんなに親しい仲でも、借りた物は き ちんと返すべきだ。
Donna ni shitashii naka demo, karita mono wa kichinto kaesu beki da.
However close someone is, you should return what you borrow with care.

3. 若いうちに、外国語を勉強しておくべきだった。
Wakai uchi ni, gaikokugo wo benkyou shite oku beki datta.
While you are young, you should learn a foreign language first.

4. 先生のお宅に、こんな夜中に電話するべきではない。
Sensei no o-taku ni konna yonaka ni denwa suru beki dewa nai.
You should not phone your teacher’s house in the middle of the night like this.

IV. Pattern ~たものだ (~ta mono da)
* Meaning: recalling what happened long ago
* Usage: put the verb or adjective into the past form + ものだ.

Examples
1. 子供のころ、いたずらをして、よく 父 に叱られたものだ。
Kodomo no koro, itazura wo shite, yoku chichi ni shikarareta mono da.
When I was little I was naughty and often got scolded by my father.

2. この辺は、昔は静かだったものだ。
Kono hen wa mukashi wa shizuka datta mono da.
This area used to be very quiet.