Learn N3 Grammar – Week 2 Day 6

Learn N3 Grammar – Week 2 Day 6
A roundup of the most commonly used N3 grammar.
Below is the most commonly used N3 grammar for anyone taking the JLPT

I. Pattern V てごらん (V-te goran)
Used to tell someone to try doing something. (Usually said to someone below you.)
Equivalent to V てみなさい (V-te minasai).
It is very simple to use: put the verb into the "te" form and add "goran".

Examples
1. これ、美味しいよ。食べてごらん。(=食べてみなさい)
Kore, oishii yo. Tabete goran. (=Tabete minasai)
This is really tasty. Try some.

2. 分からなかったら、先生に聞いてごらん。(=聞いてみなさい)
Wakarana kattara sensei ni kiite goran.
If you do not understand, try asking the teacher.

3. もう一度やってごらん。(=やってみなさい)
Mou ichido yatte goran. (=yatte minasai)
Try doing it once more.

II. Pattern ~ように言う/頼む/お願い (~youni iu/tanomu/onegai)
This is a kind of indirect command. It means telling someone in order to get them to do something for you.
The verb in this pattern is in the negative or dictionary form.

Examples:
1. 田中さんに、私の部屋に来るように 言 ってください。(=「来てください」 と 言って)
Tanaka-san ni watashi no heya ni kuru you ni itte kudasai. (=”kite kudasai” to itte)
Please tell Tanaka to come to my office.

2. 使ったあとは片付けるようにお願い し ます。
Tsukatta ato wa katadukeru you ni onegaishimasu.
Please tidy up after using it.

III. Pattern V るなと/ V 命令形と (V-ru na to/ V-meireikei to): being told ~
Use this pattern when you are told or asked to do / not to do something.
It is very simple: put the verb into the imperative form / or the dictionary form + "na", then add と言わ
れる/注意される/叱れる/怒られる (to iwareru/ chuui sareru/ shikareru/ okorareru).

Examples
1. 医者に酒を飲むなと言われた。(=「飲んではいけない」と )
Isha ni sake wo nomu na to wareta.(“Nonde wa ikenai” to)
The doctor told me, "You must not drink alcohol"

2. 先生にもっと勉強しろと言われた。(=「勉強しなさい」と)
Sensei ni motto benkyou shiro to iwareta. (=”Benkyou shinasai” to)
The teacher told me, "Study harder"

3. 父にもっと早く帰れと注意された。(「帰りなさい」と)
Chichi ni motto hayaku kaere to chuui sareta.
My father told me, "Come home earlier".

IV. Pattern V てくれと (V-te kure to): being asked or requested by someone to do something
To use this pattern, first put the verb into the "te" form, then combine it with くれと頼まれる (kure
to tanomareru) or くれと言われる (kure to iwareru)

Examples:
1. 友達に、田中さんの電話番号を教えてくれと頼まれた。(=「教えてください」と)
Tomodachi ni, Tanaka-san no denwa bangou wo oshiete kure to tanomareta.
A friend asked me to tell them Tanaka’s phone number.

2. 大家に、玄関の前に自転車を置かないでくれと言われました。(=「置かないで下さい 」と)
Ooya ni genkan no mae ni jitensha wo okanaide kure to iwaremashita.
My landlord told me not to leave my bicycle in front of the house.