Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 45

17/07/2021Updated 06/05/20263 min read

Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.

Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 45
Let’s study N5-level Japanese grammar, lesson by lesson, following the Minna no Nihongo textbook.

1. The grammar pattern 場合 (ばあい)

Vた
Vない
Aい
Aな
Nの
+ 場合は、~ (expressing a supposition)

 Meaning: In the case of…, if…

Usage: used to suppose a situation (close in meaning to the pattern 「~たら」 ), but usually only for unfortunate or unexpected situations, or things that rarely happen.

The second clause states what needs to be done in that case, or the result of that situation. 「場合」(ばあい) is itself a noun, so it combines with other word types (verbs, adjectives, nouns) following the rules already learned.

Examples:

With verbs:

時間に遅れた 場合は、 教室に 入れません。
If you are late, you will not be able to enter the classroom.

雨が降った 場合は、 学校を 休みます。
I will not go to class if it rains.

会議に間に合わない 場合は、 連絡してください。
If you cannot make the meeting on time, please let us know!

参加できない 場合は、 私に 言ってください。
If you cannot attend, please tell me.

Note: in practice the pattern 「Vdict.場合は」 also exists, but it is less hypothetical than 「Vた場合は」, and this textbook uses only 「Vた場合は」

With adjectives:

ファックスの調子が 悪い 場合は、どうしたらいいですか。
What should I do if the fax machine goes wrong?

Note:
・For emphasis, you can add 「万一」 or「万が一」 (in the unlikely event) at the start of the 「~場合は」 clause
・This textbook does not cover combinations with the past negative of verbs, or the past or negative forms of adjectives and nouns

2. The grammar pattern のに

Vる
Aい
Naな
N な
plain form + のに、~ (expressing a contrary result)

 Meaning: …and yet, even though…

◈ Usage: used to express that the expected result was not achieved in a certain situation. The key difference from expressions with a similar meaning such as 「~が」 or「~ても」 is that it carries the speaker’s strong feelings, such as dissatisfaction or surprise…

Examples:

ダイエットしているのに、 太ってしまいました。
I went on a diet and yet I still put on weight.

約束をしたのに、 彼女は 来ませんでした。
We had arranged to meet and yet she did not come.

ボタンを押したのに、コピーできません。
I pressed the button and yet it still would not copy.

古くて、 狭いのに、 家賃は 高いです。
The house is old and cramped, and yet the rent is high

今日は日曜日なのに、 働かなければなりません。
Today is Sunday and yet I still have to work.

このレストランは有名なのに、おいしくないです。
This restaurant is famous and yet the food is not good

「Note」:

The difference between「~のに」 and「~が/~ても」

① 私の部屋は 狭いですが、きれいです。(8課)
My room is small but nice.

② 明日 雨が 降っても、出かけます。(25課)
Tomorrow, even if it rains, I will still go out.

③ 約束したのに、どうして 来なかったんですか。
We had arranged it, so why did you not come?

– example ①: simply links 2 contrasting evaluations; it does not imply a result beyond expectation.

– example ②: only supposes something that has not actually happened

– example ③: is contrary in meaning between the 2 clauses and also carries disappointment, dissatisfaction or surprise

「~のに」 has the opposite meaning to「~ので」

一生懸命 勉強したので、100点を もらった。
一生懸命 勉強したのに、50点しか もらえなかった。

Be careful to distinguish the purpose pattern「~(の)に」 (lesson 42) from the contrary-result pattern「~のに」 in this lesson.

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