Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 44
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 44
Let’s study N5-level Japanese grammar, lesson by lesson, following the Minna no Nihongo textbook.
1. The grammar pattern すぎます
Ｖ、Ａ、Ｎａ＋すぎます
Meaning:: too (much)
Usage:: used to express going beyond a certain level in an action, effect or state. So this pattern is usually used for something undesirable, beyond what the speaker wanted.
The structure of すぎます:
Examples:
昨日の晩お酒を 飲みすぎました。
Last night I drank too much.
お土産を 買いすぎました。
I bought too many souvenirs.
寿司を 食べすぎました。
I ate too much sushi.
このシャツは 大きすぎます。
This shirt is too big.
この本は 複雑すぎます。
This book is too complicated.
Note: 「すぎます」 is a group 2 verb: 「すぎる、すぎて」
食べすぎて、おなかが 痛いです。
I ate too much, so I have a stomach ache.
試験の問題は 複雑すぎて、 何も わかりませんでした。
The exam was too difficult, so I did not understand anything.
いくら好きでも、 飲みすぎると、 体に悪いですよ。
However much you like alcohol, drinking too much is bad for your health.
2. The grammar pattern やすい／にくい
Ｖやすい／にくいです
Meaning: easy to (do)…., hard to (do)….
Usage: these 2 adjectives combine with a verb (a volitional verb) to express how easy or hard it is
to do something
How it is formed:
Examples:
この 薬は 飲みやすいです。
This medicine is easy to take.
このコンピューターは 使いやすいです。
This computer is easy to use.
白いシャツは 汚れやすいです。
White shirts get dirty easily.
東 京は 住みにくいです。
Tokyo is a hard place to live.
このコップは 割れにくいです。
This glass does not break easily.
「Note:」 : once combined, the whole phrase behaves like an –i adjective. So it follows all the rules and patterns learned for –i adjectives.
この薬は 砂糖を入れると、飲みやすく なります。
If you add sugar, this medicine becomes easier to take.
このコップは 割れにくくて、 安全ですよ。
This glass does not break easily, so it is safe
3. Grammar for making something become ~ in Japanese
Meaning:: to make ~ become
Usage:: In lesson 19 we learned how to form adverbs with the verb「～なります」 meaning “something changes into another state (becomes so naturally)”
In this lesson we learn how to form adverbs with the verb「～します」 meaning “to change something into another state (to make it so deliberately)”.
Examples:
音を 大きくします。
I turn the sound up (make it louder)
髪を 短くします。
I am going to cut my hair. (make it shorter)
部屋を きれいに します。
I tidy the room up (make the room clean)
塩の量を 半分に しました。
I halved the amount of salt (made it half)
4. The grammar pattern Ｎに します
Meaning:: to choose, to decide (on)
Usage:: expresses a deliberate decision or choice
Examples:
会議は 明日に します。 Let us hold the meeting tomorrow (deciding to move it to tomorrow)
晩ご飯は 寿司に します。 I will have sushi for dinner (choosing sushi to eat)
ホテルは どこに しますか。 Which hotel will you choose?
… ハノイホテルに します。 I will choose the Hanoi Hotel.