18 Compound Verb Patterns in Japanese

18 Compound Verb Patterns in Japanese

耳から覚える: some compound verbs

1. V(drop ます) + かかる: doing something that affects a target

• (が） 寄りかかる (よりかかる): To lean on

例: 倒れかけた木が隣の木に寄りかかってる: The fallen tree is leaning on the tree next to it

• (が)もたれかかる： to lean against, to rely on

例: 弟はいまだに自立できず、なんでも私にもたれかかってくる: My younger brother still isn't independent and leans on me for everything.

• (が) 掴みかかる (つかみかかる）: To grab

例： 少年は怒りを抑えきれず、相手に掴みかかった: The boy couldn't hold back his anger and grabbed the other person

• (が)突っかかる (つっかかる): To pick on

例： あの子は反抗期で、誰にでも突っかかるような話し方をする: That child is in a rebellious phase and talks in a way that picks on everyone.

• (が） 飛びかかる (飛びかかる): To leap at

例： 警官たちは一斉に犯人に飛びかかった: The police officers leapt at the criminal all at once

• 殴りかかる (なぐりかかる) : To hit, to punch

例: 夫婦喧嘩の時、妻に一発殴りかかっちゃた： During a marital quarrel, I ended up punching my wife once

2. V(drop ます) + かかる : To start doing something

• (が)取りかかる： to set about, to begin

例： 工事に取りかかる: to start construction work

3. V(dropます) + かかる: もう少しで ~ しそうである : Just about to do something

• (が)暮れかかる (くれかかる): dusk is about to end

例: 暮れかかった空に三日月が浮かんでいる: When dusk was almost over, a crescent moon rose.

• (が)落ちかかる(おちかかる): to be about to fall

例: テーブルから 本が落ちかかっている: The book is falling off the table

4. V (drop ます ) + かける : An action that affects a target

• (を)立てかける(立てかける ): To lean, to prop up

例： ほうきを壁に立てかけておいた: I propped the broom against the wall

• (が) 話しかける(はなしかける ): to strike up a conversation

例： 彼は何か話しかけたが、結局何も言わなかった: He started to say something but in the end said nothing

• (が) 働きかける (はたらきかける ): To appeal, to request

例: 会社全体でごみの減量に取り組むため、他の部署にも働きかけている: To cut waste across the whole company, we are asking other departments too

• (が)押しかける (おしかける ): to crowd around

例： アメリカの有名歌手が来日するとあって大勢のファンが空港に押しかけた: When a famous American singer came to Japan, a huge crowd of fans thronged the airport

• (が )詰めかける (つめかける): to flock to, to crowd around

例： 大物政治家の記者会見 に、大勢の記者が詰めかけた : At the press conference of a heavyweight politician, a large crowd of reporters flocked in

• (を)見せかける (みせかける） : To pretend, to feign

例： 見せかけにだまされてはいけない: Do not be fooled by appearances

5. V (drop ます) + かける : About to do

• (を） 言いかける (いいかける): to start to say something

例： 彼女は何か言いかけたが 、結局何も言わず、口を閉じてしまった: She was about to say something, but in the end said nothing.

6. V (dropます ) + かける : Very nearly reaching a certain state. (もう少しで ~ 思想である )

• (が) 溺れかける (おぼれかける): To nearly drown

例： 海で泳いでいた時、 足がつって、溺れかけた : When I was swimming in the sea, I got a cramp in my leg and nearly drowned

7. V (dropます ) + つける : Emphasising an action 

• (を)言いつける: To order, to tell someone to do

例: 上司は部下に仕事を言いつけてが外出した: The boss ordered his subordinate to do the work and then went out

• (が)駆けつける (かけつける）: To rush to.

例: お世話になった上司が入院したと聞き、病院に駆けつけた: Hearing that a former boss who had helped me was in hospital, I rushed straight there

• (を)決めつける (きめつける ): to jump to conclusions

例 : 兄弟喧嘩がすると、親はいつも私が悪いと決めつけ、言い訳させてくれなかった : Whenever my brother and I fought, my parents always decided I was in the wrong and never let me explain.

• (を)送りつける: to send (unasked)

例： 断ったのに 彼は自分の書いた本を僕に送りつけてきた: Even though I refused, he still sent me the book he wrote

• (を)押しつける: to force on

例： 誰もやりたがらない仕事を押し付けられた: I was forced to do the work nobody wanted to do

• (を )睨みつける(にらみつける) : To glare at

例: 別れた後、彼女は私に会う時、よく睨みつけてる : After we broke up, she often glares at me whenever we meet

• (を)叩きつける (たたきつける): to slam

例: 社長は怒って、 パソコンを叩きつけた: The president got angry and slammed the computer

• (を)怒鳴りつける(どなりつける): To yell at

例： 夫婦喧嘩の時、妻は殴られて、怒鳴りつけた: During a marital fight, the wife was hit and yelled at him.

8. V(drop ます) + つける : Fixed in place in something

• 備え付ける (そなえつける): to equip, to install

例: この部屋はエアコンを備えてつけてる: This room is equipped with air conditioning

• 飾り付ける (かざりつける): to decorate

例: 部屋に花を飾り付けてる： Decorating the room with flowers

• 据え付ける (すえつける): to install, to fit
• 貼り付ける (はりつける ): to stick on, to paste
• 縫い付ける (ぬいつける): to sew on
• 縛り付ける (しばりつける): to tie down, to bind
• くっつける : to stick together

9. V (drop ます) + つける： expressing a habit, always doing

• やりつける : to be used to doing
• 行きつける：to go regularly
• 食べつける : to eat regularly

10. V (drop ます) + とる： making something your own

• (を)勝ち取る (かちとる): To win, to gain

例： チーム結成 10年目にして、ようやく優勝を勝ち取ることができた。: In the team's 10th year since it was formed, it was finally able to win the championship

• (を） 掴み取る(つかみとる): To grab

例: チャンスは自分で掴み取るもとだ: Opportunities are something you seize yourself

• (を)聞き取る (ききとる): To catch (by ear)

例： I couldn't catch what he said

• (を)書き取る (かきとる): to write down

例: 先輩のアドバスを聞きながら、書き取ってる: Taking notes while listening to my senior's advice

• (を）読み取る (よみとる): to read

例： 相手の気持ちを読み取る: to read the other person's feelings

• (を)乗っ取る(のっとる): to hijack

例： 犯人は飛行機を乗っ取って 目的に向かわせた: The criminal hijacked the plane and made it head for his destination

その他  : 受け取る(to receive), 写り取る (to reflect), 買い取る (to buy up), 感じ取る(to sense) 奪い取る (to snatch), 搾り取る( to squeeze, to exploit)

11. V (drop ます) + 取る: after doing V, something is taken out or removed

• (を)抜き取る(ぬきとる) :to pull out

例: 一流のスリは 、財布から紙幣を抜き取って、財布だけをバッグに戻したりするそうだ。: It is said a top pickpocket takes the banknotes out of a wallet and puts just the wallet back in the bag.

その他： 切り取る(to cut out), 摘み取る( to pick)

12. V (drop ます ) + 返す : doing back to someone what they did to you

• (を)言い返す: to answer back (after someone speaks to you)

その他: やり返す (to get back at), 取り返す(to take back), 送り返す( to send back), 突き返す (to thrust back)

13. V (drop ます) + 返す : doing something again

• (を)読み返す (to reread)
• (を)聞き返す (to ask again)
• (を )思い返す (to think back)
• (を)見返す (to look again)

14. 取り + V (Words whose meaning changes if 取り is not added)

• (を)取り返す: to take back, to recover

例： 「点を取られたら取り返せ!」 : “If they score, score back!”

• (を)取り立てる: To collect, to appoint

例： 課長に、このプロジェクトのリーダーに取り立ててもらった: The section chief appointed me leader of this project

• (を)取り締まる (とりしまる): To crack down on

例: スピード違反を取り締まる : cracking down on speeding

• （が)取り組む: (とりくむ）： To tackle, to work hard at

例： 彼は難しい課題に意欲的に取り組んでいる: He tackles difficult tasks with great enthusiasm

• (を ・ が)取り込む: to take in, to bring in

例： 洗濯物を取り込んでたたむ: Bring in the washing and fold it

• (を） 取り下げる: To withdraw, to drop

例: 強く引き止められたので、辞表を取り下げた: I was pressed so hard to stay that I withdrew my resignation.

• (を)取り次ぐ (とりつぐ): to pass on, to relay

例: 秘書が客の要件を社長に取り次いだ: The secretary passed the customer's requests on to the president

• (を)取り巻く (とりまく): to surround

例: アイドルはいつも大勢のファンに取り巻かている: Idols are always surrounded by crowds of fans

15. 取り + V (Words whose meaning does not change when 取り is added)

• (を)取り除く (とりのぞく): to remove

例 : 目に入ったゴミを取り除く: to remove dust that got into the eye

• (を)取り替える (とりかえる): to replace

例: 歯ブラシは毛先が聞いたら、新しいもの取り替えた方がいい: When the bristles of a toothbrush splay out, it is best to replace it with a new one.

• (を)取り付ける: to install

例 : 電気屋にエアコンを取り付けてもらった : I had the electrical shop install an air conditioner

• (を)取り扱う (とりあつかう ): to handle

例：この荷物はこわれやすいので、丁寧に取り扱ってください。: This parcel is fragile, so please handle it with care.

• (を)取り決める : to agree on, to decide
• (を) 取りまとめる : To compile, to gather
• (を)取りやめる: to cancel
• (を)取り寄せる: to order in

16. 突き(つき) + V : 16. 突き(つき) + V : doing something forcefully, or about to do it (激しい勢いでVする、間近にVする)

• 突きかえす(つきかえす): to thrust back

例: 上司から「もっと詳しく書け」と、報告書が突き返された。: cấp trên nói: My boss said: “write it in more detail” and thrust the report back at me.

• 突き飛ばす: to push away

例: 彼女は彼とけんかしてたので、夜に寝たとき、彼は抱っこしようと思ったが、彼女は突き飛ばしちゃった: Because she had quarrelled with him, when they went to bed he wanted to hug her, but she pushed him away

• 突き上げる(つきあげる): to push up, to pressure

例: 若手に突き上げられて、執行部も路線を変更せざるを得なかった: Pressed by the younger members, the executive had no choice but to change course

• 突き出す(突き出す): to hand over, to stick out

例: 電車の中でスリを捕まえて警察に突き出した: On the train I caught a pickpocket and handed him over to the police

• 突き放す(つきはなす): to push away, to let go

例: 子供を自立させるためには、時に突き放すことも必要だ: To make children independent, it is sometimes necessary to let them go

• 突きつける: to confront with

例: 犯人は証拠を突きつけられて、自白した: The criminal was confronted with the evidence and confessed

• 突き合わせる: to compare, to face

例： 原本と写本を突き合わせて、違いを探す： Compare the original and the copy to find the differences

• 突き当たる (つきあたる）: to run into, to hit (a difficulty)

例：酔っ払って電柱に突き当たった: Drunk, I walked into a telephone pole

• 突き落とす(つきおとす): to push down, to throw down
• 突き抜ける (つきぬける): to pierce, to go through

17. 突き(つき) + V: 17. 突き(つき) + V: doing something until it is completely done

• 突き止める (つきとめる): To pin down, to identify

例: 責任の所在を突き止める: Pin down where the responsibility lies

• 突き詰める (つきつめる); to think through, to investigate thoroughly

例: 不明な点を最後まで突き詰める: Investigate the unclear points to the very end

18. 飛び + V

• (が)飛び降りる(とびおりる): to jump down

例：走ってる電車から飛び降りる: Jumping down from a moving train

• (が)飛び歩く (とびあるく): to go around, to travel all over

例： 兄はセールスマンとして全国を飛び歩いている: My brother is a salesman and travels all over the country

• (が)飛び起きる (とびおきる): to jump out of (bed)

例：目が覚めたのが家を出る15分前。飛び起きて 、慌ててしたくをし、家を飛び出した: When I opened my eyes it was 15 minutes before I had to leave. I jumped out of bed, hurriedly got ready and rushed out of the house

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I hope this is useful for those of you learning Japanese.
This compound verb collection was shared by member Bùi Minh Thự.
Good luck with your studies and exams.