Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 28
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 28
Let’s study N5-level Japanese grammar, lesson by lesson, following the Minna no Nihongo textbook.
Lesson 28:
1. V1 (drop ます) + ながら、 V2: doing ~ while doing ~
• Usage: describes 2 actions happening at the same time. The second action is the main one and carries more weight.
• Examples:
私は 毎朝 コーヒーを 飲みながら 新聞を 読みます。
Watashi wa mai asa shinbun wo yomimasu.
Every morning I read the newspaper while drinking coffee.
彼は テレビを 飲みながら ご飯を 食べています。
Kare wa terebi wo in minagara gohan wo tabeteimasu.
He is watching TV while eating.
• Note: This pattern describes not only 2 actions within a short time but also 2 actions going on together over a long period.
学生の時、アルバイトをしながら 大学で 勉強しました。
Gakusei no toki, arubaito wo shinagara daigaku de benkyōshimashita.
When I was a student, I studied while working part-time.
彼は 働きながら 大学に 通っています。
Kare wa hatarakinagara daigaku ni kayotte imasu.
He goes to university while working.
2. ~んですが、~
んですが is usually used to introduce a topic and narrow down what you want to talk about. It is usually followed by a request, an invitation or a request for advice. Here [が] links the clauses naturally and shows the speaker’s hesitation; it does not mean “but”.
2.1. ~んですが、V ていただけませんか。Could you please do ~ for me?
• Usage: used to ask someone to do something for you, but much more politely than Vてください.
• Examples:
日本語で 手紙を 書いたんですが、見て いただけませんか。
Nihongo de tegami wo kaitandesuga, mite itadakemasenka.
I have written a letter in Japanese; could you look at it for me?
コピー機の 使い方が 分からないんですが、教えて いただけませんか。
Kopī ki no tsukai kata ga wakaranaindesuga, oshiete itadakemasen ka.
I do not know how to use the photocopier; could you show me?
図書館へ行きたいんですが、地図を書いていただけませんか。
Toshokan e ikitai ndesuga, chizu wo kaite itadakemasen ka.
I want to go to the library; could you draw me a map?
2.2. ~んですが、V たらいいですか。What would be the best way to …?
• Usage: used when you want the listener to give you advice or tell you what to do.
• Examples:
日本語を 勉強したいんですが、どうしたら いいですか。
Nihongo wo benkyōshitaindesuga, dōshitara īdesu ka.
I want to study Japanese; what should I do?
…Mina センターで 勉強したら いいと思います。
Mina sentā de benkyōshitara ī to omoimasu.
I think you should study at the Mina centre.
試験の予定を 知りたいんですが、だれに 聞いたら いいですか。
Shiken no yotei wo shiritaindesuga, dare ni kiitara īdesu ka.
I want to know the exam schedule; who should I ask?
…試験部の Nga さんに 聞いて ください。
Shikenbu no Nga-san ni kiite kudasai.
Please ask Ms Nga in the examinations office.
3. plain form し、plain form し、~: both this and that; because of this and this, so …
• Structure:
Vる/ Vない/ V た + し
Aい + し
Na / N + だ+ し
• Usage: し is used to list different points about a topic or to give more than one reason (there can be more than 2, but usually just 2 are listed)
• Note: in this pattern, the particle「も 」 replaces「が」or「を」to emphasise the reasons given.
3.1. ~し、~し、(それに)~: both … and… what is more
• Usage: this pattern can be used to describe different aspects of one topic.
• Examples:
ミラーさんは 親切だし、頭もいいし、それに ハンサムです。
Mirā-san wa shinsetsu dashi, atama mo īshi, soreni hansamudesu.
Mr Miller is kind and clever, and handsome too.
ミラーさんは ピアノも 弾けるし、ダンスも できるし、それに 歌も 歌えます。
Mirā-san wa piano mo hikerushi, dansu mo dekirushi, soreni uta mo utaemasu.
Mr Miller can play the piano and dance, and he can sing too.
3.2. ~し、~し、(それで)~: because… and because… so…
• Usage: also used to give more than one reason or cause.
• Examples:
きょうは 雨だし、お金もないし、(それで) 出かけません。
Kyō wa amedashi, okane mo naishi, (sorede) dekakemasen.
Today it is raining and I have no money, so I am not going out.
この店は 食べ物も おいしいし、値段も 安いし、(それで) 人が 多いです。
Kono mise wa tabe mono mo oishīshi, nedan mo yasuishi,(sorede) hito ga ōidesu.
The food at this restaurant is good and the prices are low, so it is very busy.
3.3. ~し、~し、~から: because…, and because… (there may be other reasons too)
• Usage: used to answer a “why” question, implying that besides the reasons given there may be others.
• Examples:
どうして この会社に 入ったんですか。
Dōshite kono kaisha ni haitta ndesu ka.
Why did you join this company?
残業も ないし、ボーナスも 多いですから。
Zangyō mo naishi, bōnasu mo ō idesukara.
Because there is no overtime and the bonuses are good.
図書館へ行きたいんですが、どのバスに乗ったらいいですか。
Toshokan e ikitai ndesuga, dono basu ni nottara īdesu ka.
I want to go to the library; which bus should I take?