Advanced N4 Grammar Patterns Found in the JLPT N3

26/01/20252 min read

Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.

Advanced N4 grammar patterns found in the JLPT N3
Advanced N4 grammar that often appears in the JLPT N3 exam

1. Vたい・ほしい＋がる／がっている： WANT – LIKE, the feelings of a THIRD PERSON, NOT USED FOR ONESELF (私)

うちの子どもは怖いお化けの話を聞きたがる。
My kids really love listening to ghost stories.

2. ～てもかまわない=てもいい： MAY DO, IT'S OK.
～なくてもかまわない＝なくてもいい： NEED NOT.

足はは授業がないから、学校に来なくてもかまわない。
Since there are no classes tomorrow, I DON'T NEED to go to school.

この履歴書は日本語でも、ベトナム語でもかまいません。
This CV is fine in either Japanese or Vietnamese.

3. ～なければ／なくては／ないと～ならない／いけない
～なきゃ／なくちゃ／ないと。 ➡ MUST DO

図書館から借りた本は２週間以内に返さなくてはなりません。
Books borrowed from the library MUST be returned within 2 weeks.

先生に借りた本は１か月以内に返さなきゃ。
Books borrowed from Sensei MUST be returned within 1 month.

4. ～ず（に）＝～ないで: WITHOUT doing~
しないで➡せず（に）

急いでいたので、かぎをかけずに出かけてしまった。
I was in such a hurry that I went out WITHOUT locking the door

5. COMPOUND VERBS

Vます＋出す／始める／続ける／終わる： START (suddenly) / start / continue / finish.

店に行ったとき、店員が突然歌い出して、びっくりした。
After I arrived at the shop, the staff SUDDENLY STARTED singing, which made me jump.

6. Vた／ない／Aい／Aな／Nの＋まま： LEAVING AS IS, STILL, UNCHANGED.

Describes a state that continues without changing, remaining as it is.

普段着着たまま、泳ぎました。
Swimming with one's ordinary clothes STILL ON.

この靴は買ってから一度もはいていないので、新しいままだ。
I haven't worn these shoes once since buying them, so they're STILL brand new.

7. Ｖます＋っぱなし: LEAVING… ON/AS IS ALL THE TIME

Expresses undesirable states (not doing an action that should have been done).

道具が出しっぱなしだよ。使ったら、片づけなさい。
Your things are STILL LEFT lying around like that. Tidy up right after you use them!

8. Ｖた＋つもりはない： DIDN'T MEAN TO, HAD NO INTENTION OF~

Used to deny or explain/excuse one's own actions when the other person has misunderstood.

私はそんなことを言ったつもりはない
I didn't mean to say anything like that!

9. ～つもりだった（が・けど・のに）: I INTENDED TO… BUT.

パーティーには行くつもりでしたが、ちょっと用事が出来て、・・・
I INTENDED to go to the party, but something came up, so…

10. Vる・ている・た＋ところだ： just ABOUT TO / IN THE MIDDLE OF / HAVE JUST.

今から出かけるところなんです。後でこちらから電話しますね。
I'm just about to go out now; I'll call you back later.

たところ HAVE JUST (COMPLETED JUST NOW): たった今、さっき

Ｖたばかりだ HAVE JUST (MAY HAVE BEEN COMPLETED SOME TIME AGO, but the speaker feels it was very recent)：さっき、昨日、先週、先月、去年、3年、10年…

11. Vる＋ところだった： ALMOST ~ (in reality it did not happen)

もう少しでぶつかるところだった。
We almost crashed into each other.

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