Summary Grammar for N5, N4, N3 and N2

25/05/202012 min read

Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.

Summary grammar for N5, N4, N3 and N2

This is a summary of Japanese grammar, easy to remember while revising for the JLPT.

FOR ANYONE WHO NEEDS N5 – N2 GRAMMAR

N5 grammar

1. ~ は ~ : is, am, are; at

2. ~も~ : too, as much as, even

3. ~ で~ : at, in, because of, by, with (a period of time)

4. ~ に/ へ ~ : direction, place, point in time

5. ~ に ~ ① : at, on (a point in time)

6. ~ を ~ : marks the object of an action

7. ~ と ~ ① : with

8. ~ に ~ ② : to ~, from ~

9. ~ と ~ ② : and

10. ~ が~ : but

11. ~ から ~ まで : from ~ to ~

12. ~あまり~ない ~ : not very ~

13. ~ 全然~ない ~ : not ~ at all

14. ~なかなか~ない : try as you might, you can't ~

15. ~ ませんか~ : Won't you …. with me?

16. ~があります~ : There is

17. ~がいます~ : There is

18. ~ 数量 + ~動詞 : matches a verb of quantity

19. ~に~回 : to do ~ times in a period of time

20. ~ましょう~ : let's ~

21. ~ ましょうか?~ : Shall I ~ for you

22. ~ がほしい : to want ~

23. ~たい~ : to want to ~

24. ~へ~を~に行きます : to go to …. in order to do something

25. ~てください~ : please (do)

26. ~ ないてください : please don't / do not

27. ~ てもいいです~ : may do ~

28. ~ てはいけません~ : must not do

29. ~ なくてもいいです~ : you don't have to, you needn't ~

30. ~ なければなりません~ : must ~

31. ~ないといけない~ : must ~

32. ~ なくちゃいけない~ : can't not (must)

33. ~だけ~ : only ~

34. ~から~ : because ~

35. ~のが~ : turning a verb into a noun

36. ~のを~ : turning a verb into a noun

37. ~のは~ : turning a verb into a noun

38. ~もう~ました~ : expresses a completed action

39. ~まだ~ていません : have not yet done ~

40. ~より~ : more ~ than

41. ~ほど~ない~ : not as ~ as ~

42. ~と同じ~ : the same as ~, similar to ~

43. ~のなかで ~ がいちばん~ : the most … among …

44. ~く/ ~ になる~ : to become, to turn

45. ~も~ない~ : even though ~, still not

46. ~たり。。。~たりする : to do ~ and do ~

47. ~ている~ : still doing

48. ~ることがある~ : sometimes, now and then

49. ~ないことがある~ : is there ever a time when you don't….?

50. ~たことがある~ : to have done before

51. ~や~など : such as … and …

52. ~ので~ : because ~

53. ~まえに~ : before ~

54. ~てから : after ~, since ~

55. ~たあとで : after ~

56. ~とき : when ~

57. ~でしょう?~ : ~ isn't it?

58. ~多分 ~ でしょう~ : surely ~, probably ~

59. ~と思います : I think that

60. ~と言います : to say ~

N4 grammar

1. ~(も)~し、~し~ : not only ~ but also ~ ; both ~ and ~

2. ~によると~そうです~ : according to ~, they say that ~

3. ~そうに/ そうな/ そうです~ : it seems, it looks like, they say

4. ~てみる~ : to try doing ~

5. ~と~ : whenever ~

6. ~たら~ : if, after ~

7. ~なら~ : if it is ~

8. ~ば~ : if ~

9. ~ば~ほど~ : the more ~ the more ~

10. ~たがる~ : …wants…, likes

11. ~かもしれない~ : perhaps ~, it may be that ~

12. ~でしょう~ : probably ~

13. ~しか~ない : only ~

14. ~ておく (ておきます)~ : to do something in advance ~

15. ~よう~ : it seems, perhaps ~

16. ~とおもう(と思う)~ : to intend to do ~

17. ~つもり : to plan to ~, to decide to ~

18. ~よてい(予定) : as planned ~, according to plan ~

19. ~てあげる : to do (for someone)

20. ~てくれる : to do ~ for me, to do ~ for us

21. ~てもらう~ : to have ~ done for you

22. ~ていただけませんか? : Could you ~ for me?

23. ~V受身(うけみ) : the passive verb form (to be made to do something)

24. V禁止(きんし) : the prohibitive verb form (must not, may not…..)

25. ~V可能形(かのうけい) : the potential verb form (to be able to do)

26. ~V使役( しえき) : the causative verb form (to let/make someone ~)

27. ~V使役受身(しえきうけみ) : the causative-passive verb form (to be made to do something)

28. ~なさい~ : do …. , go on

29. ~ても (V/ A/ N) : even when, even if, ….can

30. ~てしまう~ : ….to finish, to end up doing….

31. ~みたい : it seems ~

32. ~ながら~ : while ~, at the same time as

33. ~のに : for…, in order to…

34. ~はずです : surely ~, definitely ~

35. ~はずがない : cannot possibly ~, ~ is impossible

36. ~ずに : without doing ~

37. ~ないで : without ~

38. ~かどうか : whether or not ~

39. ~という~ : there is such a thing as ~

40. ~やすい : easy to ~

41. ~にくい~ : hard to ~

42. ~てある : something has been done ~

43. ~あいだに~(間に) : while, during, in the course of ~

44. ~く/ にする~ : to do something in a ~ way

45. ~てほしい、~ : to want (someone) to do something ~

46. ~たところ~ : after ~, although ~

47. ~ことにする~ : I have decided to

48. ~ことになっている~ : it is planned that ~, it is the rule that ~

49. ~とおりに~(~通りに) : to do something in accordance with ~, exactly as ~

50. ~ところに/ところへ~ : just as ……

51. ~もの~ : because

52. ~ものか~ : really? you don't say?…

53. ~ものなら : if ~

54. ~ものの~ : although ….. but ~

55. ~ように : so that something happens…..

56. ~ために~ : in order to ~, for ~, because of ~

57. ~ばあいに~(~場合に) : in the case of ~, when ~

58. ~たほうがいい~・~ないほうがいい~ : had better ~, had better not ~

59. ~んです~ : (it's) because ~

60. ~すぎる~ : too ~

61. ~V可能形ようになる : have become able to ~

62. ~Vるようになる~ : to start ……

63. ~Vる・ないようにする : to make sure that ~, to make sure not to ~

N3 grammar

1. ~たばかり~ : have just ~

2. ~ようになる~ : to become ~, to turn into ~

3. ~ことになる~ : it has been decided that, it has been arranged that, to become ~

4. とても~ない : there is no way ~

5. ~らしい~ : it seems ~, it appears ~, they say ~

6. ~てはじめて(~て初めて) : only then …, only after …. then …

7. ~ないで~ : please don't ~

8. ~によって~ : due to ~, because of ~, by ~, depending on ~

9. ~のような~ : just like ~, such as ~

10. ~ば~ほど~ : the more ….. the more

11. ~ばかり : nothing but ~

12. ~は~でゆうめい(は~で有名) : famous for ~, famous because of ~

13. ~Nをはじめ(Nを初め~) : starting with ~, first of all ~

14. ~てき(~的) : of a ~ nature

15. ~は ~ くらいです : about ~, to the extent of ~, like ~

16. ~さえ~ば~ : as long as, even, so much as

17. ~ほど~ : to the extent that, especially, like …

18. ~まま~ : leaving it as it is, keeping the state unchanged

19. ~わざわざ~ : to go out of one's way, kindly…

20. ~としたら~ : supposing, if we assume

21. ~たものだ~ : used to often…

22. ~まさか~ : surely …. not

23. ~まい~ : definitely not, have no intention of …

24. ~つい~ : to do ~ by mistake

25. ~いったい~(~一体) : surely it must be…

26. ~ふり~(~振り) : to pretend, to act as if, to imitate…

27. ~どうやら~ : it seems, it looks like, in the end

28. ~おかげで~(お蔭で) : thanks to ~

29. ~さらに~(~更に) : moreover, what is more

30. ~すでに~(~既に) : already, completely

31. ~はじめる~(~始める) : will begin

32. ~むしろ~ : on the contrary, rather

33. ~せえ~ : even, so much as ~

34. ~になれる : to become, to turn into

35. ~にちがいない~ : surely, certainly ~

36. ~なかなか~ : not for ages, try as you might not ~

37. ~ために~ : because of ~

38. ~ず~ : not

39. ~によると~ : according to

40. ~ようにする : to make sure to do, to try to do

41. ~において~ : at, in, on…

42. ~ても~ : even if ~, still

43. ~として~ : regarded as, in the capacity of

44. ~ように~ : so that ~

45. ~こそ : precisely because

46. ~ないうちに~ : before

47. ~どうしても~ : whatever happens, without fail ~

48. ~がち~ : to tend to, usually ~

49. ~せいぜい~(~精々) : at most, no more than, as much as possible ~

50. ~にかぎる~(~に限る) : only, limited to, best of all

51. ~にすぎない~(~過ぎない) : merely, no more than

52. ~おいて~(~於いて) : at, in (a time, a period)

53. ~げ~ : with an air of ~

54. ~つもりで~ : with the intention of (expressing will)

55. ~うちに~ : while ~

56. ~える~(得る) : can ~ / within what is possible ~

57. ~たとたん(に) : the moment after

58. ~ばかりに : simply because ~

59. ~たび(に) : each time

60. ~だけに~ : because ~

61. ~だけあって : just as you would expect, worthy of

62. ~だらけ~ : full of, nothing but

63. ~っけ : if I remember rightly …. wasn't it?

64. ~っこない : absolutely never ~

65. ~っぱい : looks like ~

66. ~ついでに : while you are at it ~

67. ~つつ : while ~

68. ~つつある : gradually becoming

69. ~つつも : even though ~

70. ~ていらい~(て以来) : since, ever since ~

71. ~てからでないと/からでなければ : unless you … then you can't either

72. ~てしかたがない(~て仕方がない) : unbearable

73. ~てしようがない~ : unbearable

74. ~てたまらない~ : extremely…

75. ~でさえ~ : even

76. ~てならない~ : utterly, terribly, unbearably

77. ~ということだ~(~という事だ) : I hear that…

78. ~というものだ : it amounts to, its content is

79. ~というものでもない~ : you cannot say that…, it is not necessarily the case that…

80. ~というより~ : rather than saying…

81. ~といえば/~というと~ : speaking of ~

82. ~といったら~ : as for ~

83. ~といっても(~と言っても) : even though it is said that ….. still

84. ~とともに~ : together with…, along with…, the more…the more

85. ~ないことには~ : unless…

86. ~ながら(も) : and yet ~, however ~

87.

~など/なんか/なんて~ : such as, even, for instance…

88. ~にあって~ : because…

89. ~におうじて(~に応じて) : depending on, in accordance with

90. ~における~ : at, in, on…

91. ~にかかわらず~ : regardless of…, unrelated to…

92. ~にかわって~ : in place of ~

93. ~にかんする/~にかんして : concerning

94. ~にしたがって~ : along with…, in accordance with…

95. ~にしろ~ : even if…

96. ~にすぎない : merely …

97. ~にたいして~ : towards…

98. ~について~ : about…

99. ~どころではない : this is no time for.., it is impossible to…

100. ~ないばかりか~ : not only does it not…

101. ~にきまってる(~に決まってる) : it is bound to be…

102. ~にくらべて(~に比べて) : compared with…

103. ~にくわえて(~に加えて) : in addition to, on top of, not only…but also

104. ~にこたえる~ : to meet, to respond to

105. ~にさきだつ(~に先立つ) : before…

106. ~にさいし(て)(~に際し(て)) : when, in the case of, on the occasion of

107. ~にしろ/~にせよ : even if…, no matter whether….

108. ~にそういない~(~に相違ない) : surely, it is certainly…

109. ~むきだ~(~向きだ) : suitable for, meant for

110. ~も~なら~も~/~も~ば~も : both…and

111. ~やら~やら~ : what with…and what with

112. ~よりほかない~ : there is nothing for it but…

113. ~わけだ~ : it means that…, that is because…

114. ~わけではない~ : not necessarily.., it is not that…, not entirely…, it does not mean that…

N2 grammar

1. ~ことにする~ : to decide to do (or not do) something

2. ~ばいいのに~ : if only, I wish, you should have

3. ~なかなか~ない : hard to do, not (very)

4. ~しか~ない : the only way is, to have no choice but, only to do, only

5. ~わけです~ : of course it is, that is to say, in the end it is, it is

6. ~にあたる~ : corresponds to, that is, falls on, in, at

7. ~いがいの~(以外の) : apart from…, other than

8. ~というわけではない~ : it does not mean that ~

9. ~なるべく~ : as far as possible, to do one's best

10. ~べつに~ない(別に~ない) : not … at all

11. ~たしか(~確か) : certainly it is….

12. ~なんといっても(~何といっても) : whatever anyone says…

13. ~といっても(~と言っても) : even though it is said so, but..

14. ~にきをつける(~に気をつける) : to be careful, to take care, to watch out for…

15. ろくに~ない(碌に~ない) : not … in the slightest

16. ~せいか~ : perhaps because…

17. ~にこしたことはない(~に越したことはない) : it is best to, better to

18. ~くせに~ : even though…and yet

19. ~ゆえに/がゆえ(に) : because…

20. ~および(~及び) : and…

21. ~まんいち(~万一) : if by any chance…

22. ~あえて~ : to dare to…

23. ~がてら~ : while you are at it …

24. ~にかけては/~にかけても : as for, when it comes to, even speaking of…

25. ~かねない~ : might well

26. ~からなる(成る) : to consist of, to be made up of

27. ~ないですむ(~ないで済む) : to get by without…, to manage without…

28. ~わけにはいかない~ : cannot, cannot possibly but…

29. ~ないわけにはいかない~ : cannot help, must…

30. ~たうえで~(~た上で) : after ……… , in terms of ……

31. ~ようなきがする~(~ような気がする) : to feel as if, it seems as though…

32. ~いったん~ば/と/たら : once…

33. ~でいいです~ : it will do, it is enough…

34. ~やむをえず(~やむを得ず) : unavoidable, reluctantly, against one's will

35. ~ではないだろうか~ : perhaps it will…..

36. ~よりしかたがない(~より仕方がない) : there is no other way, nothing else for it…

37. ~せめて~ : at least…., I would like…

38. ~ものですから/~ものだから : because…

39. ~がきになる(~が気になる) : to worry about, to be concerned about, to be anxious about…

40. ~つうじて(~通じて) : to worry about, to be concerned about, to be anxious about…

41. ~なにしろ~(~何しろ) : whatever happens ~

42. ~かたわら~(~傍ら) : alongside…

43. ~ごとき/~ごとく/~ごとし(如し) : just like…

44.~たまらない~ : extremely…

45. ~とうてい~ : utterly impossible, there is absolutely no way…

46. ~のばる~ : to reach more than…

47. ~さえ。。。。。ば~ : as long as

48. ~しだいだ(~次第だ) : the thing is, the reason is, the upshot is…

49. ~あげく~ : after….. in the end…

50. ~あまり : so ….. that it is out of the ordinary

51. ~いじょう~(~以上) : as long as, now that it is…

52. ~いっぽだ(~一方だ) : to become.., more and more…

53. ~いらい(~以来) : ever since then…

54. ~うえに~(~上に) : not only…but what is more

55. ~うえで(~上で) : after… then

56. ~おかげで/~おかでだ : thanks to…

57. ~おそれがある~(~恐れがある) : perhaps, it may well be, there is a fear that

58. ~か~ないかのうちに : no sooner … than

59. ~かける/~かけだ/~かけの : unfinished, half-done

60. ~がち : tends to…

61. ~かとおもうと/~とおもったら(~かと思うと/かと思ったら) : no sooner did I see…. than

62. ~かねない : might well…

63. ~かのようだ/~かのような/~かのように : as though…

64. ~からいって~ : judging from…

65. ~から~にかけて~ : from about…to

66. ~からして~ : even, right up to…

67. ~からすると/からすれば : seen from the standpoint of

68. ~からといって : just because

69. ~からには : because it is ~, once you have ~

70. ~からみて(~から見て) : seen from, judging by

71. ~かわりに(~代わりに) : instead of, in return, on the other hand

72. ~ぎみ(~気味) : seems, slightly, feels like

73. ~きり/~きりだ : after…

74. ~きる/~きれる/~きれない(切る/切れる/切れない) : to do completely, to finish entirely

75. ~くらい/~ぐらい/~くらいだ/~ぐらいだ : about, roughly

76. ~げ~ : seems…, appears…

77. ~こそ~ : it is precisely, precisely because…

78. ~ことか~ : how very, how terribly…

79. ~ことから~ : because…

80. ~こととなっている/~ことになっている : it is planned, it has been decided…

81. ~ことに(は) : how very…

82. ~ことはない/~こともない : there is no need to do…

83. ~さいちゅうに(~最中に) : right in the middle of…

84. ~ざるをえない(~ざるを得ない) : right in the middle of…

85. ~しかない~ : there is only, the only way left…

86. ~じょうは(~上は) : once that is so…

87. ~せいだ./~せいで/~せいか : because of, perhaps because of

88. ~どころか~ : instead of…, on the contrary

89. ~どころではない : this is no time for.., it is impossible to…

90. ~ないばかりか~ : not only does it not…

91. ~にきまってる(~に決まってる) : it is bound to be…

92. ~にくらべて(~に比べて) : compared with…

93. ~にくわえて(~に加えて) : in addition to, on top of, not only…but also

94. ~にこたえる~ : to meet, to respond to

95. ~にさきだつ(~に先立つ) : before…

96. ~にさいし(て)(~に際し(て)) : when, in the case of, on the occasion of

97. ~にしろ/~にせよ : even if…, no matter whether….

98. ~にそういない~(~に相違ない) : surely, it is certainly…

99. ~にそって(~に沿って) : along, in accordance with

100. ~につき : because of…

101. ~にほかならない~ : it is precisely, nothing other than…

102. ~にもかかわらず~ : in spite of, although

103. ~ぬく(~抜く) : right to the end

104. ~のもとで/~もとに (~の下で/下に) : under the

105. ~すえ(~末) : after, after a while…

106. ~まい~ : not, probably not

107. ~まいか~ : surely, isn't it…, definitely not

108. ~わりに~ : compared with…, relatively…

109. ~をきっかけに~ : taking the opportunity of, on the occasion of some event

110. ~をけいきとして~:(~を契機として) : taking the opportunity of

111. ~をこめて~ : putting all of, with all, brimming with

112. ~をめぐる~ : concerning, revolving around

113. ~をもとにして(~を元にして) : based on, founded on

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