Summary Grammar for N5, N4, N3 and N2
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Summary grammar for N5, N4, N3 and N2
This is a summary of Japanese grammar, easy to remember while revising for the JLPT.
FOR ANYONE WHO NEEDS N5 – N2 GRAMMAR
N5 grammar
1. ~ は ~ : is, am, are; at
2. ~も~ : too, as much as, even
3. ~ で~ : at, in, because of, by, with (a period of time)
4. ~ に/ へ ~ : direction, place, point in time
5. ~ に ~ ① : at, on (a point in time)
6. ~ を ~ : marks the object of an action
7. ~ と ~ ① : with
8. ~ に ~ ② : to ~, from ~
9. ~ と ~ ② : and
10. ~ が~ : but
11. ~ から ~ まで : from ~ to ~
12. ~あまり~ない ~ : not very ~
13. ~ 全然~ない ~ : not ~ at all
14. ~なかなか~ない : try as you might, you can't ~
15. ~ ませんか~ : Won't you …. with me?
16. ~があります~ : There is
17. ~がいます~ : There is
18. ~ 数量 + ~動詞 : matches a verb of quantity
19. ~に~回 : to do ~ times in a period of time
20. ~ましょう~ : let's ~
21. ~ ましょうか?~ : Shall I ~ for you
22. ~ がほしい : to want ~
23. ~たい~ : to want to ~
24. ~へ~を~に行きます : to go to …. in order to do something
25. ~てください~ : please (do)
26. ~ ないてください : please don't / do not
27. ~ てもいいです~ : may do ~
28. ~ てはいけません~ : must not do
29. ~ なくてもいいです~ : you don't have to, you needn't ~
30. ~ なければなりません~ : must ~
31. ~ないといけない~ : must ~
32. ~ なくちゃいけない~ : can't not (must)
33. ~だけ~ : only ~
34. ~から~ : because ~
35. ~のが~ : turning a verb into a noun
36. ~のを~ : turning a verb into a noun
37. ~のは~ : turning a verb into a noun
38. ~もう~ました~ : expresses a completed action
39. ~まだ~ていません : have not yet done ~
40. ~より~ : more ~ than
41. ~ほど~ない~ : not as ~ as ~
42. ~と同じ~ : the same as ~, similar to ~
43. ~のなかで ~ がいちばん~ : the most … among …
44. ~く/ ~ になる~ : to become, to turn
45. ~も~ない~ : even though ~, still not
46. ~たり。。。~たりする : to do ~ and do ~
47. ~ている~ : still doing
48. ~ることがある~ : sometimes, now and then
49. ~ないことがある~ : is there ever a time when you don't….?
50. ~たことがある~ : to have done before
51. ~や~など : such as … and …
52. ~ので~ : because ~
53. ~まえに~ : before ~
54. ~てから : after ~, since ~
55. ~たあとで : after ~
56. ~とき : when ~
57. ~でしょう?~ : ~ isn't it?
58. ~多分 ~ でしょう~ : surely ~, probably ~
59. ~と思います : I think that
60. ~と言います : to say ~
N4 grammar
1. ~(も)~し、~し~ : not only ~ but also ~ ; both ~ and ~
2. ~によると~そうです~ : according to ~, they say that ~
3. ~そうに/ そうな/ そうです~ : it seems, it looks like, they say
4. ~てみる~ : to try doing ~
5. ~と~ : whenever ~
6. ~たら~ : if, after ~
7. ~なら~ : if it is ~
8. ~ば~ : if ~
9. ~ば~ほど~ : the more ~ the more ~
10. ~たがる~ : …wants…, likes
11. ~かもしれない~ : perhaps ~, it may be that ~
12. ~でしょう~ : probably ~
13. ~しか~ない : only ~
14. ~ておく (ておきます)~ : to do something in advance ~
15. ~よう~ : it seems, perhaps ~
16. ~とおもう(と思う)~ : to intend to do ~
17. ~つもり : to plan to ~, to decide to ~
18. ~よてい(予定) : as planned ~, according to plan ~
19. ~てあげる : to do (for someone)
20. ~てくれる : to do ~ for me, to do ~ for us
21. ~てもらう~ : to have ~ done for you
22. ~ていただけませんか? : Could you ~ for me?
23. ~V受身(うけみ) : the passive verb form (to be made to do something)
24. V禁止(きんし) : the prohibitive verb form (must not, may not…..)
25. ~V可能形(かのうけい) : the potential verb form (to be able to do)
26. ~V使役( しえき) : the causative verb form (to let/make someone ~)
27. ~V使役受身(しえきうけみ) : the causative-passive verb form (to be made to do something)
28. ~なさい~ : do …. , go on
29. ~ても (V/ A/ N) : even when, even if, ….can
30. ~てしまう~ : ….to finish, to end up doing….
31. ~みたい : it seems ~
32. ~ながら~ : while ~, at the same time as
33. ~のに : for…, in order to…
34. ~はずです : surely ~, definitely ~
35. ~はずがない : cannot possibly ~, ~ is impossible
36. ~ずに : without doing ~
37. ~ないで : without ~
38. ~かどうか : whether or not ~
39. ~という~ : there is such a thing as ~
40. ~やすい : easy to ~
41. ~にくい~ : hard to ~
42. ~てある : something has been done ~
43. ~あいだに~(間に) : while, during, in the course of ~
44. ~く/ にする~ : to do something in a ~ way
45. ~てほしい、~ : to want (someone) to do something ~
46. ~たところ~ : after ~, although ~
47. ~ことにする~ : I have decided to
48. ~ことになっている~ : it is planned that ~, it is the rule that ~
49. ~とおりに~(~通りに) : to do something in accordance with ~, exactly as ~
50. ~ところに/ところへ~ : just as ……
51. ~もの~ : because
52. ~ものか~ : really? you don't say?…
53. ~ものなら : if ~
54. ~ものの~ : although ….. but ~
55. ~ように : so that something happens…..
56. ~ために~ : in order to ~, for ~, because of ~
57. ~ばあいに~(~場合に) : in the case of ~, when ~
58. ~たほうがいい~・~ないほうがいい~ : had better ~, had better not ~
59. ~んです~ : (it's) because ~
60. ~すぎる~ : too ~
61. ~V可能形ようになる : have become able to ~
62. ~Vるようになる~ : to start ……
63. ~Vる・ないようにする : to make sure that ~, to make sure not to ~
N3 grammar
1. ~たばかり~ : have just ~
2. ~ようになる~ : to become ~, to turn into ~
3. ~ことになる~ : it has been decided that, it has been arranged that, to become ~
4. とても~ない : there is no way ~
5. ~らしい~ : it seems ~, it appears ~, they say ~
6. ~てはじめて(~て初めて) : only then …, only after …. then …
7. ~ないで~ : please don't ~
8. ~によって~ : due to ~, because of ~, by ~, depending on ~
9. ~のような~ : just like ~, such as ~
10. ~ば~ほど~ : the more ….. the more
11. ~ばかり : nothing but ~
12. ~は~でゆうめい(は~で有名) : famous for ~, famous because of ~
13. ~Nをはじめ(Nを初め~) : starting with ~, first of all ~
14. ~てき(~的) : of a ~ nature
15. ~は ~ くらいです : about ~, to the extent of ~, like ~
16. ~さえ~ば~ : as long as, even, so much as
17. ~ほど~ : to the extent that, especially, like …
18. ~まま~ : leaving it as it is, keeping the state unchanged
19. ~わざわざ~ : to go out of one's way, kindly…
20. ~としたら~ : supposing, if we assume
21. ~たものだ~ : used to often…
22. ~まさか~ : surely …. not
23. ~まい~ : definitely not, have no intention of …
24. ~つい~ : to do ~ by mistake
25. ~いったい~(~一体) : surely it must be…
26. ~ふり~(~振り) : to pretend, to act as if, to imitate…
27. ~どうやら~ : it seems, it looks like, in the end
28. ~おかげで~(お蔭で) : thanks to ~
29. ~さらに~(~更に) : moreover, what is more
30. ~すでに~(~既に) : already, completely
31. ~はじめる~(~始める) : will begin
32. ~むしろ~ : on the contrary, rather
33. ~せえ~ : even, so much as ~
34. ~になれる : to become, to turn into
35. ~にちがいない~ : surely, certainly ~
36. ~なかなか~ : not for ages, try as you might not ~
37. ~ために~ : because of ~
38. ~ず~ : not
39. ~によると~ : according to
40. ~ようにする : to make sure to do, to try to do
41. ~において~ : at, in, on…
42. ~ても~ : even if ~, still
43. ~として~ : regarded as, in the capacity of
44. ~ように~ : so that ~
45. ~こそ : precisely because
46. ~ないうちに~ : before
47. ~どうしても~ : whatever happens, without fail ~
48. ~がち~ : to tend to, usually ~
49. ~せいぜい~(~精々) : at most, no more than, as much as possible ~
50. ~にかぎる~(~に限る) : only, limited to, best of all
51. ~にすぎない~(~過ぎない) : merely, no more than
52. ~おいて~(~於いて) : at, in (a time, a period)
53. ~げ~ : with an air of ~
54. ~つもりで~ : with the intention of (expressing will)
55. ~うちに~ : while ~
56. ~える~(得る) : can ~ / within what is possible ~
57. ~たとたん(に) : the moment after
58. ~ばかりに : simply because ~
59. ~たび(に) : each time
60. ~だけに~ : because ~
61. ~だけあって : just as you would expect, worthy of
62. ~だらけ~ : full of, nothing but
63. ~っけ : if I remember rightly …. wasn't it?
64. ~っこない : absolutely never ~
65. ~っぱい : looks like ~
66. ~ついでに : while you are at it ~
67. ~つつ : while ~
68. ~つつある : gradually becoming
69. ~つつも : even though ~
70. ~ていらい~(て以来) : since, ever since ~
71. ~てからでないと/からでなければ : unless you … then you can't either
72. ~てしかたがない(~て仕方がない) : unbearable
73. ~てしようがない~ : unbearable
74. ~てたまらない~ : extremely…
75. ~でさえ~ : even
76. ~てならない~ : utterly, terribly, unbearably
77. ~ということだ~(~という事だ) : I hear that…
78. ~というものだ : it amounts to, its content is
79. ~というものでもない~ : you cannot say that…, it is not necessarily the case that…
80. ~というより~ : rather than saying…
81. ~といえば/~というと~ : speaking of ~
82. ~といったら~ : as for ~
83. ~といっても(~と言っても) : even though it is said that ….. still
84. ~とともに~ : together with…, along with…, the more…the more
85. ~ないことには~ : unless…
86. ~ながら(も) : and yet ~, however ~
87.
~など/なんか/なんて~ : such as, even, for instance…
88. ~にあって~ : because…
89. ~におうじて(~に応じて) : depending on, in accordance with
90. ~における~ : at, in, on…
91. ~にかかわらず~ : regardless of…, unrelated to…
92. ~にかわって~ : in place of ~
93. ~にかんする/~にかんして : concerning
94. ~にしたがって~ : along with…, in accordance with…
95. ~にしろ~ : even if…
96. ~にすぎない : merely …
97. ~にたいして~ : towards…
98. ~について~ : about…
99. ~どころではない : this is no time for.., it is impossible to…
100. ~ないばかりか~ : not only does it not…
101. ~にきまってる(~に決まってる) : it is bound to be…
102. ~にくらべて(~に比べて) : compared with…
103. ~にくわえて(~に加えて) : in addition to, on top of, not only…but also
104. ~にこたえる~ : to meet, to respond to
105. ~にさきだつ(~に先立つ) : before…
106. ~にさいし(て)(~に際し(て)) : when, in the case of, on the occasion of
107. ~にしろ/~にせよ : even if…, no matter whether….
108. ~にそういない~(~に相違ない) : surely, it is certainly…
109. ~むきだ~(~向きだ) : suitable for, meant for
110. ~も~なら~も~/~も~ば~も : both…and
111. ~やら~やら~ : what with…and what with
112. ~よりほかない~ : there is nothing for it but…
113. ~わけだ~ : it means that…, that is because…
114. ~わけではない~ : not necessarily.., it is not that…, not entirely…, it does not mean that…
N2 grammar
1. ~ことにする~ : to decide to do (or not do) something
2. ~ばいいのに~ : if only, I wish, you should have
3. ~なかなか~ない : hard to do, not (very)
4. ~しか~ない : the only way is, to have no choice but, only to do, only
5. ~わけです~ : of course it is, that is to say, in the end it is, it is
6. ~にあたる~ : corresponds to, that is, falls on, in, at
7. ~いがいの~(以外の) : apart from…, other than
8. ~というわけではない~ : it does not mean that ~
9. ~なるべく~ : as far as possible, to do one's best
10. ~べつに~ない(別に~ない) : not … at all
11. ~たしか(~確か) : certainly it is….
12. ~なんといっても(~何といっても) : whatever anyone says…
13. ~といっても(~と言っても) : even though it is said so, but..
14. ~にきをつける(~に気をつける) : to be careful, to take care, to watch out for…
15. ろくに~ない(碌に~ない) : not … in the slightest
16. ~せいか~ : perhaps because…
17. ~にこしたことはない(~に越したことはない) : it is best to, better to
18. ~くせに~ : even though…and yet
19. ~ゆえに/がゆえ(に) : because…
20. ~および(~及び) : and…
21. ~まんいち(~万一) : if by any chance…
22. ~あえて~ : to dare to…
23. ~がてら~ : while you are at it …
24. ~にかけては/~にかけても : as for, when it comes to, even speaking of…
25. ~かねない~ : might well
26. ~からなる(成る) : to consist of, to be made up of
27. ~ないですむ(~ないで済む) : to get by without…, to manage without…
28. ~わけにはいかない~ : cannot, cannot possibly but…
29. ~ないわけにはいかない~ : cannot help, must…
30. ~たうえで~(~た上で) : after ……… , in terms of ……
31. ~ようなきがする~(~ような気がする) : to feel as if, it seems as though…
32. ~いったん~ば/と/たら : once…
33. ~でいいです~ : it will do, it is enough…
34. ~やむをえず(~やむを得ず) : unavoidable, reluctantly, against one's will
35. ~ではないだろうか~ : perhaps it will…..
36. ~よりしかたがない(~より仕方がない) : there is no other way, nothing else for it…
37. ~せめて~ : at least…., I would like…
38. ~ものですから/~ものだから : because…
39. ~がきになる(~が気になる) : to worry about, to be concerned about, to be anxious about…
40. ~つうじて(~通じて) : to worry about, to be concerned about, to be anxious about…
41. ~なにしろ~(~何しろ) : whatever happens ~
42. ~かたわら~(~傍ら) : alongside…
43. ~ごとき/~ごとく/~ごとし(如し) : just like…
44.~たまらない~ : extremely…
45. ~とうてい~ : utterly impossible, there is absolutely no way…
46. ~のばる~ : to reach more than…
47. ~さえ。。。。。ば~ : as long as
48. ~しだいだ(~次第だ) : the thing is, the reason is, the upshot is…
49. ~あげく~ : after….. in the end…
50. ~あまり : so ….. that it is out of the ordinary
51. ~いじょう~(~以上) : as long as, now that it is…
52. ~いっぽだ(~一方だ) : to become.., more and more…
53. ~いらい(~以来) : ever since then…
54. ~うえに~(~上に) : not only…but what is more
55. ~うえで(~上で) : after… then
56. ~おかげで/~おかでだ : thanks to…
57. ~おそれがある~(~恐れがある) : perhaps, it may well be, there is a fear that
58. ~か~ないかのうちに : no sooner … than
59. ~かける/~かけだ/~かけの : unfinished, half-done
60. ~がち : tends to…
61. ~かとおもうと/~とおもったら(~かと思うと/かと思ったら) : no sooner did I see…. than
62. ~かねない : might well…
63. ~かのようだ/~かのような/~かのように : as though…
64. ~からいって~ : judging from…
65. ~から~にかけて~ : from about…to
66. ~からして~ : even, right up to…
67. ~からすると/からすれば : seen from the standpoint of
68. ~からといって : just because
69. ~からには : because it is ~, once you have ~
70. ~からみて(~から見て) : seen from, judging by
71. ~かわりに(~代わりに) : instead of, in return, on the other hand
72. ~ぎみ(~気味) : seems, slightly, feels like
73. ~きり/~きりだ : after…
74. ~きる/~きれる/~きれない(切る/切れる/切れない) : to do completely, to finish entirely
75. ~くらい/~ぐらい/~くらいだ/~ぐらいだ : about, roughly
76. ~げ~ : seems…, appears…
77. ~こそ~ : it is precisely, precisely because…
78. ~ことか~ : how very, how terribly…
79. ~ことから~ : because…
80. ~こととなっている/~ことになっている : it is planned, it has been decided…
81. ~ことに(は) : how very…
82. ~ことはない/~こともない : there is no need to do…
83. ~さいちゅうに(~最中に) : right in the middle of…
84. ~ざるをえない(~ざるを得ない) : right in the middle of…
85. ~しかない~ : there is only, the only way left…
86. ~じょうは(~上は) : once that is so…
87. ~せいだ./~せいで/~せいか : because of, perhaps because of
88. ~どころか~ : instead of…, on the contrary
89. ~どころではない : this is no time for.., it is impossible to…
90. ~ないばかりか~ : not only does it not…
91. ~にきまってる(~に決まってる) : it is bound to be…
92. ~にくらべて(~に比べて) : compared with…
93. ~にくわえて(~に加えて) : in addition to, on top of, not only…but also
94. ~にこたえる~ : to meet, to respond to
95. ~にさきだつ(~に先立つ) : before…
96. ~にさいし(て)(~に際し(て)) : when, in the case of, on the occasion of
97. ~にしろ/~にせよ : even if…, no matter whether….
98. ~にそういない~(~に相違ない) : surely, it is certainly…
99. ~にそって(~に沿って) : along, in accordance with
100. ~につき : because of…
101. ~にほかならない~ : it is precisely, nothing other than…
102. ~にもかかわらず~ : in spite of, although
103. ~ぬく(~抜く) : right to the end
104. ~のもとで/~もとに (~の下で/下に) : under the
105. ~すえ(~末) : after, after a while…
106. ~まい~ : not, probably not
107. ~まいか~ : surely, isn't it…, definitely not
108. ~わりに~ : compared with…, relatively…
109. ~をきっかけに~ : taking the opportunity of, on the occasion of some event
110. ~をけいきとして~:(~を契機として) : taking the opportunity of
111. ~をこめて~ : putting all of, with all, brimming with
112. ~をめぐる~ : concerning, revolving around
113. ~をもとにして(~を元にして) : based on, founded on