Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 32
Translated from the Vietnamese original. View the original.
Learn Minna no Nihongo Grammar – Lesson 32
Let’s study N5-level Japanese grammar, lesson by lesson, following the Minna no Nihongo textbook.
1. Grammar for giving advice
| V た V ない |
+ ほうが いいです |
(How to give advice)
Meaning: you should do / you should not do something
Usage: used to advise someone that doing, or not doing, something would be good for them
Examples:
毎日運動した ほうが いいです。
You should exercise every day
＊ The difference between ～た ほうが いい and ～たらいい：
日本のお寺が 見たいんですが……。
I want to visit Japanese temples.
…じゃ、 京都へ 行ったら いいですよ。
In that case Kyoto would be good.
The example describes a situation where a simple suggestion is made. In such cases ～たら いい is used. ～た ほうが いい compares and chooses between 2 things.
2. The grammar pattern でしょう
| V る A い A な N |
+でしょう |
(How to express a guess)
Meaning: probably…
Usage: expresses the speaker’s inference based on some information. It is often used with adverbs such as たぶん (probably) or きっと(surely). In a question, the speaker wants to know what the listener thinks.
Examples:
明日は 雨が 降るでしょう。
It will probably rain tomorrow.
大雨ですから、タワポンさんは 来ないでしょう。
It is raining hard, so Mr Tawapon probably will not come
彼は 道を よく 知っていますから、たぶん 大丈夫でしょう。
He knows the way well, so it will probably be fine.
あしたの 朝は 寒いでしょう。
Tomorrow morning will probably be cold
3. The grammar pattern かもしれません
| V る A い A な N |
+かもしれません |
(How to express a guess)
Meaning: it might be that…
Usage: also expresses the speaker’s guess, but with a lower chance of being true.
Where でしょう expresses something 70 – 80% likely, this pattern applies only to things that are fairly unlikely, around 50%.
Examples:
午後から 雪が 降る かもしれません。
It might snow in the afternoon.
約束の時間に 間に合わない かもしれません。
We might not make it in time for the appointment.
山田さんは まだ 来ていませんね。 病気かもしれません。
Mr Yamada still has not arrived. He might be ill
4. How the particle で is used
Usage: で is added after a number to show the limit of price / time / quantity… needed for a situation, action or event.
Examples:
駅まで ３０分で 行けますか。
Can you get to the station within 30 minutes?
３万円で ビデオが 買えますか。
Can you buy a video player for 30,000 yen?